Ownership identification, source authentication and integrity preservation of the medical images have become a serious issue in electronic health applications for healing the patient with the best diagnostic advice from various doctors around the globe by the sharing of medical data and images using communication networks as these might be tampered by attackers and intruders.The proposed method developes a medical image watermarking scheme that embeds watermarks such as hospital logo for source authentication, electronic patient record for owner identification and perceptual hash value of region of interest of the image for integrity checking, in the middle frequency coefficients of discrete cosine transform of the region of non interest of the medical image blocks and it is robust against variety of attacks including the desynchronization attacks and their combination.In-built restoration techniques are incorporated to restore the severe tamper on the medical image caused by rotation, scaling, translation, shearing and impulse noise attacks. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to many contemporary medical image watermarking in the terms of imperceptibility of the watermarked images, similarity with the original images, chromaticity preservation, and robustness against attacks.

Due to the rapid developments in technology and the sudden expansion of social media use, Dialect Arabic has become an important source of data that needs to be addressed when building Arabic corpora. In this paper, thirty-three Arabic corpora are surveyed to show that despite all of the developments in the literature, Saudi dialect (SD) corpora still need further expansion. This paper contributes to the literature on SD corpora by creating the largest Saudi corpus – the King Saud University Saudi Corpus (KSUSC) – with +1B total words, including +119M SD words. The KSUSC not only is the newest and largest SD corpus but is also diverse, covering 26 domains in text collected from five different sources. This paper also contributes to the literature by developing a new incremental preprocessing system that is used to create relevant lexicons that are then used to clean and normalize the collected data. This incremental system is scalable and can be adapted for different resources and dialects. Moreover, the collection process for building the KSUSC is discussed in detail, and the challenges in collecting SD text with respect to each platform are highlighted. By the end of this paper, different design criteria are proposed and used with the KSUSC to conclude that the resulting corpus can be of great benefit to researchers who are interested in integrating the corpus with their own work or using its resulting lexicons with Saudi-based NLP tasks.

The cities in Islamic countries with modernism’s arrival in the last century have faced significant functionality, body structure, and spatial organization. The construction of national streets, the system of living places in the city, mostly the bazaar, which is the backbone and the beating heart of Iranian cities’ economy, consists of the city’s significant or sub-orders impact town growth. The bazaar is one of the essential elements for protecting the identity and culture of society. Iran’s bazaar symbolizes urban life and the clearest sign of life in Iranian ecosystems. As a shaper of people’s identity, the bazaar has given a particular political, cultural, social, and economic role to society. The gradual change in the market has caused the market’s current position. In the past, commercial spaces were a place for people to communicate and trade with each other, thus facilitating financial and human needs. Later, with the migration and increase of the urban population, the industrial revolution, mass production, the problem of modernization, etc., the concept of shopping has changed in the city. However, under the influence of modernism elements such as imitation of Western constructions, the attempt to have a scattered and multi-core structure, the coherent and centralized construction of the historic city has given way to the contemporary decentralized and has gotten lack of identity. \nThe most critical components of modernism, the city’s physical-spatial structure, have been studied in this research based on library and field studies and in a descriptive-analytical manner. The research shows that Tabriz city was developed from a unique space organization and organ skeleton in line with a specific bazaar pattern, so there was a particular identity. This research intends to analyze the trend of urban growth based on the bazaar and the impact of modernism on the types of commercial centers, with a comparative approach to answer research questions.

The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the quality of groundwater. According to the Water Quality Index (WQI) in the Ali Al Gharbi region of the Northwest Maysan Governorate in eastern Iraq. 10 Physical parameters such as pH, overall hardness, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium, sulfate, chloride, nitrate and total dissolved solids obtained since 2019 from 16 different locations (wells). In this analysis, 18.75% of water samples were considered good quality, 56.25% low quality, and 25% very poor. The index of water quality varies from 69.67 and 297.6. Therefore, prior to usage, there is a need for some care, as protecting the area from pollution is significant.

Software effort estimation accuracy is a key factor in effective planning, controlling and to deliver a successful software project within budget and schedule. The overestimation and underestimation both are the key challenges for future software development, henceforth there is a continuous need for accuracy in software effort estimation (SEE). The researchers and practitioners are striving to identify which machine learning estimation technique gives more accurate results based on evaluation measures, datasets and the other relevant attributes. The authors of related research are generally not aware of previously published results of machine learning effort estimation techniques. The main aim of this study is to assist the researchers to know which machine learning technique yields the promising effort estimation accuracy prediction in the software development. In this paper, the performance of the machine learning ensemble technique is investigated with the solo technique based on two most commonly used accuracy evaluation metrics. We used the systematic literature review methodology proposed by Kitchenham and Charters. This includes searching for the most relevant papers, applying quality assessment criteria, extracting data and drawing results. We have evaluated a state-of-the-art accuracy performance of 28 selected studies (14 ensemble, 14 solo) using Mean Magnitude of Relative Error (MMRE) and PRED (25) as a set of reliable accuracy metrics for performance evaluation of accuracy among two techniques to report the research questions stated in this study. We found that machine learning techniques are the most frequently implemented in the construction of ensemble effort estimation (EEE) techniques. The results of this study revealed that the EEE techniques usually yield a promising estimation accuracy than the solo techniques.

In this work, we discuss m-th exponential spacings obtained from order statistics. We study limit results for such spacings when the sample size n tends to infinity and the indices k and m are either fixed or also tend to infinity. We also investigate asymptotic properties of largest exponential m-th spacing.

Intuitionistic fuzzy set plays an important role in soft computing to curbing embedded fuzziness in decision-making. Many computing methods have been studied in intuitionistic fuzzy environment to enhance the resourcefulness of intuitionistic fuzzy\nsets in modelling real-life problems, among which, correlation coefficient is prominent. This paper proposes a new intuitionistic fuzzy correlation algorithm via intuitionistic\nfuzzy deviation, variance and covariance by taking into account the complete parameters of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. This new computing technique does not only evaluates the\nstrength of relationship between the intuitionistic fuzzy sets but also indicates whether the intuitionistic fuzzy sets have either positive or negative linear relationship. The pro-\nposed technique is substantiated with some theoretical results, and numerically validated to be superior in terms of performance index in contrast to some hitherto methods. Multi-\ncriteria decision-making processes involving pattern recognition and students\' admission process are determined with the aid of the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy correlation \nalgorithm coded with JAVA programming language.

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy b?- closed Sets, intuitionistic fuzzy b?- open sets in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces.